Effects of experimental vitamin E deprivation in the harp seal, Phoca groenlandica

Abstract

Captive harp seals, Phoca groenlandica, were fed a diet of herring with no vitamin E supplement for 18 months and were examined for abnormalities which might be attributable to a lack of the vitamin. Vitamin deficiency was based on clinical, physiological, and biochemical parameters. All of the deprived seals showed decreased plasma vitamin E concentrations, as well as evidence of electrolyte imbalance characterized by low plasma sodium levels. Vitamin E deprivation also led to abnormal molting patterns, characterized by incomplete and irregular cycles.