Zoospore chemotaxis in Australian isolates of Phytophthora species

Abstract

Zoospores of Australian isolates of Phytophthora drechsleri, P. cryptogea, P. cinnamomi, P. nicotianae var. parasitica, and P. citricola were examined for their chemotactic responses to asparagine, glutamine, aspartate, glutamate, and structurally related compounds. Structural requirements for attraction include the α-amino-acid group with a short carbon chain terminating in an amide group. The one American isolate tested gave a different result and possible reasons for this are discussed.The pH of the environment was important, a neutral-charged molecule was more attractive than a negatively charged molecule, hence glutamate and aspartate were more attractive at pH 3.0 than pH 5.0. Zoospores tended to move away from regions with a high hydrogen ion concentration.Compounds other than amino acids were slightly attractive including several sugars and ethanol. Synergistic interactions between amino acids, ethanol; and sucrose were observed and may account for the high levels of attraction of zoospores to root exudates and extracts.