Impact of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on energy transmission through ferrofluid saturating porous medium contained in a lid-driven trapezoidal container with triangular notched heater configuration

Abstract

This article conveys numerical simulations for energy flow by mixed convection under the impact of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) through ferrofluid saturating porous media contained in a trapezoidal enclosure having triangular notched heater at the bottom wall when the container’s top boundary is in motion with constant speed. The side and top walls of the container are assumed to be cold, the bottom wall is insulated, and the triangular notched heater supplies uniform heat to the fluid. Equations governing the flow are initially exposed to penalty scheme to eradicate pressure from momentum equations, and subsequently, the Galerkin weighted residual method is employed to compute the numerical solutions for velocity and temperature profiles. Computed solutions are expressed in form of graphs for streamline circulations, isotherms, and local and mean heat flow rates for suitable ranges of important physical parameters governing the flow, including the Darcy number (10−5 ≤ Da ≤ 10−3), Reynolds number (1 ≤ Re ≤ 10), Hartmann number (30 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), Prandtl number (0.062 ≤ Pr ≤ 10), concentration of solid ferroparticles (0.03 ≤ [Formula: see text] ≤ 0.15), and Grashof number (105 ≤ Gr ≤107). This investigation deduces that flow strength rises with escalation in the concentration of ferroparticles, as well as Darcy and Grashof numbers. The convection energy flow regime appears dominating for small Hartmann number and large Prandtl number. The mean energy flow rate is found to increase with increase in Darcy and Grashof numbers and it attenuates with escalation in the Hartmann number.