The power of multi-matrix monitoring in the Pan-Arctic region: plastics in water and sediment

Author:

Martin Jake1ORCID,Granberg Maria2ORCID,Provencher Jennifer F.3ORCID,Liborion Max4ORCID,Pijogge Liz5,Magnusson Kerstin2ORCID,Hallanger Ingeborg G.6ORCID,Bergmann Melanie7ORCID,Aliani Stefano8ORCID,Gomiero Alessio9ORCID,Grøsvik Bjørn Einar10ORCID,Vermaire Jesse11,Primpke Sebastian12ORCID,Lusher Amy L.1314ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway

2. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Fiskebäckskil, 450 34, Sweden

3. Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada

4. Geography Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada

5. Lands and Natural Resources, Nunatsiavut Government, Nain, NL A0P 1L0, Canada

6. Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway

7. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany

8. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Lerici, 19032, Italy

9. Norwegian Research Centre, Department of Climate and Environment, Stavanger, 4068, Norway

10. Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen, NO-5817, Norway

11. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada

12. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, 27498, Germany

13. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, NO-0579, Norway

14. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NO-5006, Norway

Abstract

Litter and microplastic assessments are being carried out worldwide. Arctic ecosystems are no exception and plastic pollution is high on the Arctic Council's agenda. Water and sediment have been identified as two of the priority compartments for monitoring plastics under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). Recommendations for monitoring both compartments are presented in this publication. Alone, such samples can provide information on presence, fate, and potential impacts to ecosystems. Together, the quantification of microplastics in sediment and water from the same region produce a three-dimensional picture of plastics, not only a snapshot of floating or buoyant plastics in the surface water or water column but also a picture of the plastics reaching the shoreline or benthic sediments, in lakes, rivers, and the ocean. Assessment methodologies must be adapted to the ecosystems of interest to generate reliable data. In its current form, published data on plastic pollution in the Arctic is sporadic and collected using a wide spectrum of methods which limits the extent to which data can be compared. A harmonised and coordinated effort is needed to gather data on plastic pollution for the Pan-Arctic. Such information will aid in identifying priority regions and focusing mitigation efforts.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science

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