Mode of the absorption of water and nutrients by ascocarps of Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum: a radioactive tracer technique

Abstract

A simple technique has been developed to study the absorption capacity of the tufts of mycelial filaments, or hyphae, observed on both black and white truffles Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum. These hyphae sprout from the tops of certain scales on the peridium of Tuber. They colonize the surrounding soil and could therefore exploit the nutrients from a large volume of soil. The ability to absorb organic and inorganic nutrients from a source other than the host is a necessary condition for the hypothesis we wished to test, namely that at some stage in its development the truffle ascocarp becomes autonomous. The absorption was demonstrated using autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. We found that the tufts of hyphae are water permeable (3H2O). In addition, they absorb a sugar ([14C]mannose) and an anion ([32P]phosphate). An analysis of our results shows that the spatial distribution of [32P]phosphate is independent of that of tritiated water; the transport of phosphate is therefore not determined by water flux. The quantity and redistribution of the tracer depended on the application site, directly onto the peridium or on a mycelial tuft. The tufts increase the absorption of the tracer and influence its internal redistribution towards accumulation zones. Key words: ascocarp, Tuber melanosporum, Tuber aestivum, absorption, truffle nutrition.