1. Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
2. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Iwate 020–8550, Japan
3. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt