Ectopic paraesophageal parathyroid adenoma: a case report of primary hyperparathyroidism in a child

Abstract

In this article, we report a case of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) caused by ectopic parathyroid adenoma in a child. PHPT is an exceedingly rare disorder in the practice of pediatric endocrinologists and pediatric surgeons; approximately 300 cases have been reported so far. The identification of the locus of the ectopic parathyroid adenomas, as well as its surgical treatment are extremely complex and require a multidisciplinary approach. We used several diagnostic methods, including single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), augmented reality (AR) diagnostics, and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Given the fact that such tumors with atypical location are extremely rare, this case might be of interest not only for endocrinologists and surgeons, but also for general practitioners. Key words: parathyroid adenoma, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, primary hyperparathyroidism