1. Institute for Healthcare Delivery and Population Science and
2. Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School–Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts
3. School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
4. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and
5. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts
6. Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; and
7. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts