1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
2. Outcomes After Critical Illness and Surgery (OACIS) Research Group
3. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
4. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
5. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
6. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
7. Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, and
8. Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and