1. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan; and
3. Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
4. Department of Physiotherapy, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
6. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada