1. Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
2. Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3. Department of Medicine and
4. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
6. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
7. Pulmonary and Critical Care of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
8. Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
9. University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
10. University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
11. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
12. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania