1. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care,
2. Department of Surgery,
3. Department of Medicine,
4. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, and
5. Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery,
6. Division of Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
7. Clinical Perfusion and Anesthesia Support Services, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York;
8. Department of Nursing, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York;
9. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
10. Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
11. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
12. Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
13. Departments of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee