1. School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;
2. Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Japan;
3. Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;
4. Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Japan;
5. Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic Tachikawa, Tachikawa, Japan; and
6. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital, Iwaki, Japan