1. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
2. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
3. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka, Japan; and
4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California