1. Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, and
2. Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine
3. Critical Care Network and
4. Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, and
5. Center for Outcomes Research & Evaluation
6. Information and Analytics Services, and
7. Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
8. Department of Health Policy and Management, Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
9. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
10. Division of Palliative Care, Adult Acute Division and Department of Medicine
11. Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Atrium Health System, Charlotte, North Carolina