1. Department of Epidemiology and
2. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, New York;
3. Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation,
4. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
5. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon;
6. Department of Medicine and Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
7. Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
8. VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan