1. UPMC, 6595, General Surgery , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States;
2. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
3. UPMC, 6595, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
4. University of Miami School of Medicine, 12235, Miami, Florida, United States
5. University of Pittsburgh Department of Medicine, 199716, Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
6. University of Michigan, 1259, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
7. University of Pittsburgh, Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
8. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
9. University of Toronto, Critical Care Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
10. University of Toronto, Anesthesia, Canada
11. University of Pittsburgh, Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
12. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
13. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 12317, Departments of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine; Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute illness (CRISMA) , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States