1. Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan;
2. Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan;
3. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan;
4. Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu-Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan;
5. Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan;
6. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo, Japan;
7. Department of Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan;
8. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan;
9. Department of Nursing, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan;
10. Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, Tosei General Hospital, Aichi, Japan;
11. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan;
12. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Urasoe General Hospital, Okinawa, Japan;
13. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan;
14. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nerima Hikarigaoka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;
15. Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan;
16. Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Niigata Seiryo University, Niigata, Japan; and
17. General Medicine Division, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin