Enhance Human Performance Through Advanced Ergonomics in Computer Workplaces

Abstract

Abstract SEPNo experienced a few cases of Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) in 1992 and has since 1993 been monitoring computer workload, health complaints and RSI cases in the Company. Eight years follow-up period demonstrates:That our employees report an increasing amount of hours spent on computer work, andA concerning high number of health complaints related to this work. This paper presents how we:Mapped the key elements workload and health;Developed our philosophy on variation of working as background for good ergonomic design of computer workplaces;Established management guidelines for work organization, education and awareness;Introduced furniture specifications, andRan a project for refurbishment of our offices. We present a follow-up evaluation of this project after 1 year. Finally we discuss the need for focusing on methods for registration and follow-up of "complaints" and "alert" for the fact that modern ergonomical solutions are computer based. Introduction "Repetitive strain injury" (RSI) is a class of musculo-skeletal disorder in which discomfort, pain and functional impairment may develop as a result of numerous repeated movements.(1) Many synonyms have been used for RSI, including "overuse syndrome", "cumulative trauma disorder", and "occupational cervico-brachial disorder". Today RSI stands as an umbrella term for specific and non-specific musculo-skeletal disorders involving the upper extremities and associated neck area. The term RSI was described in Australia in the early 1980s. (2,3) Initially the symptoms occurred among telephone operators. The introduction of Windows software in 88–89, with the obligation to use the "mouse" as an integrated part of the computer, actualized the need for preventive measures for this medical condition. Finger, hand, wrist, lower arm, elbow, upper arm, shoulder, upper back and neck may be affected. Activities that involve repeated movements or prolonged periods using one or relevant body parts in a fixed position (static posture) lead to a disturbance in the balance between load and physical capacity.(4) RSI, when work-related, is reportable to health authorities and the Company as an occupational illness. (5,6,7) Repetitive Strain Injuries are among the most commonly reported work-related health problems in Shell. Shell International E&P reported 357 occupational illnesses among Company staff in 2001. This includes 92 cases of "Upper limb and neck disorders", the majority being RSI, corresponding to a frequency of 1.6 cases per million working hours (TROIF=1.6). Together with "Mental ill-health" (stress) disorders, RSI is by far the most prevalent disease in the Group.