Selection of Paraffin Control Products and Applications

Abstract

Abstract Paraffin related problems in the oilfield continue to plague efficient production operations. Solutions to these problems vary with the cause of the problem, its location, severity, and economics. This paper presents the philosophy and methodology for investigating and recommending solutions to paraffin related field problems based on laboratory testing and its relationship to these field problems. Arriving at a solution to paraffin Problems in the oilfield involves a systematic approach that evaluates laboratory test results and matches them to field needs. An important aspect of this approach includes combining information from the field, the correct mix of laboratory tests, and interpretation of the test results. INTRODUCTION[ON The term "paraffin problem' in the oilfield includes a wide range of problems. We will focus on those problems that cause trouble in the production system as they are related to paraffin wax deposition in the formation to reduce production, deposition in production equipment, and the effect of wax on the handling and flow of crude oil. The causes of these problems can be as varied as the trouble they present. In order to effectively solve these paraffin related problems, a step wise and interrelated approach is required. The selection of laboratory tests is influenced by the problem and its cause, as well as the application method available. In return, the product and application method selected is influenced by the results of the lab testing. Interpretation of the laboratory results in consideration of the needs of the field, the problem, and the application method is also most important. In many cases, without careful evaluation of what the results represent, basic laboratory data may result in an inappropriate treatment recommendation. Some tests are more suited to specific types of problems, applications, or products. Interpretation of the test results coupled with field information provides pieces of the puzzle to achieve a more complete and accurate solution to the problem. The interrelated aspect of the approach to solving the paraffin problem includes:Field information about the problem.Designing and implementing a laboratory evaluation process.Interpretation of the lab results as they relate to the field problem.The application methods available.The desired results.The economics and effectiveness. PARAFFIN DEPOSITION In order to devise a solution for a paraffin problem, the causes and effects of the problem need to be understood. Much information describing the paraffin deposition process and mechanisms has been provided by various researchers. The important aspects of these mechanisms that pertain to problem solving can be summarized as follows:Crude oil generally contains a mixture of paraffin waxes. For our purpose, paraffin (or wax) is loosely defined as a hydrocarbon containing carbon numbers ranging from 18 to greater than 60, and is for the most part, linear. Generally, specific limited types of wax, or carbon number ranges, are predominant in a specific crude oil. P. 811^