Real-Time Performance Optimization Using Temperature Derived Rates to Prevent Productivity Decline

Abstract

Abstract This work presents a well performance analysis technique that identifies formation damage and/ or productivity loss real-time using rates derived from measured well temperatures. It also provides insights into expected damage mechanisms enabling efficient stimulation treatments. The analytical technique recognizes damage patterns at inception. The diagnostics to drive operational decisions are then presented as simple cartesian plots that grant easy access to users of all levels of experience. Data driven temperature-to-rate models provide continuous conversion of flowing well temperatures to production rates that help automate diagnostics for optimum daily surveillance. Case studies from several deepwater wells demonstrate how the technique has been successfully operationalized to eliminate productivity losses, gain early insight into damage mechanisms, and investigate the impact of well interventions. Evaluations and comparisons using pressure transient analysis (PTA), rate transient analysis (RTA) and numerical history matching studies conducted with and without temperature derived rates corroborate the robustness of the method. Temperature derived rates exhibit less than 3 % error when compared to well tests, multi-phase, and ultrasonic flow meters. Shutting in the wells is not required for the analysis, therefore lost production and additional stress cycles on the completion are eliminated. The analysis identifies the maximum drawdown limit, thereby helping the operator optimize well performance real-time. In addition, a data driven approach is outlined for estimating PTA equivalent skin values without shutting-in the wells. Data driven temperature-to-rate models can be developed and maintained with little effort to improve rate allocations, cut back on metering costs, and reduce operational complexities associated with increased number of tests.