Lesson Learned from Multiple Field Implementations of Foam EOR Technology in Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs

Abstract

Abstract The goal of this paper is to share valuable insights gained from five field implementations of foam as gas-conformance and/or gas-containment solution. These trials encompass both CO2-foam and hydrocarbon-foam in various reservoir types, including conventional carbonate, conventional sandstone, and fractured-propped tight sandstone reservoirs with varying reservoir characteristics. A systematic EOR pilot design workflow is proposed to drive the foam technology from the conceptual stage to full-field commercial implementation. Critical aspects such as reservoir and well selection, surfactant chemistry selection, reservoir data analysis, and the experimental and modeling workflow for the optimal injection strategy, along with effective management of pilot operations, are discussed. A workflow for screening optimal surfactant formulation tailored specifically for the target field that meets the technical KPIs is shared. The key nuances of selecting water-soluble vs gas-soluble surfactant chemistries for in-situ foaming is discussed. Specific examples of operational challenges encountered during implementation of these projects are also discussed. Additionally, we shared best practices for foam field implementation to increase the likelihood of successful foam pilot trials. Foam as a gas mobility control solution has been tested theoretically, experimentally and in the field for over three decades. This paper distills the technical advancements and deployment strategies needed for commercial adoption of this solution. Such advancements would be critical for the oil and gas industry's energy transition journey by enabling efficient greenhouse gas injection projects.