Challenges for Repurposing Oil and Gas Wells for Geothermal Applications

Abstract

Abstract This work provides insights into the technical and economic viability of repurposing oil and gas wells for geothermal energy production for direct heating. The potential benefits, especially for areas that are highly dependent on fossil fuels for heating, and challenges of this approach are assessed while technical, market, and policy barriers for future developments are identified. Repurposing oil and gas wells to geothermal energy requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves expertise in geology, engineering, and regulatory affairs. A thorough analysis of data on the physical, technical, economic, and environmental aspects of repurposing oil and gas wells for geothermal energy is conducted, including well logs, geologic maps, temperature and flow rate measurements, cost estimates, and environmental impact assessments. In addition, a numerical simulation is run to evaluate efficiency and power output from open-loop and closed-loop geothermal systems. The data analysis combined with numerical simulation will help determine the feasibility and potential benefits of this approach. Compared to geothermal reservoirs, the low temperature of oil and gas reservoirs often limits their potential for power generation development. However, the results demonstrate that with careful consideration of site selection, engineering, and environmental factors, repurposing oil and gas wells for geothermal community heating can be a cost-effective way to utilize existing infrastructure for renewable energy development. Even considering workover costs to ensure wellbore integrity, the approach is less costly than drilling and completing new wells. Other measures to improve efficiency include the use of high thermal conductivity materials and proper reservoir management to ensure heat is being extracted sustainably. While open-loop geothermal system resulted in higher temperatures, closed-loop avoids uncertainties in the rock properties and can be easily implemented. Factors such as the depth and location of the well, the geology of the surrounding area, and the available technology and infrastructure all play a role in determining the actual heat output from a repurposed geothermal well from oil and gas. Repurposing oil and gas wells to geothermal energy for community heating represents an innovative and sustainable approach to energy generation that makes use of existing resources and infrastructure in a new and beneficial way.