Adipose stem cell combined with plasma-based implant bone tissue differentiation in vitro and in a horse with a phalanx digitalis distalis fracture: a case report

Abstract

A horse suffering from an undetected hoof bone fracture was diagnosed three weeks after injury. The formation of callus tissue was detected at the fracture site. Standard orthopaedic screw application was augmented by a novel method, a combination of stem cells and plasma components. For experimental therapy, fat tissue and blood samples were collected from the patient to isolate stem cells and plasma proteins. The obtained and characterised mesenchymal stem cell population was applied to the wound area, together with an implant prepared from plasma, wrapped over the orthopaedic screw. Additionally, cells with implant were differentiated in vitro into bone tissue, to evaluate if cells could successfully produce extracellular matrix in such material. Three weeks after application, the hoof was significantly regenerated, and after three months – the bone was completely rebuilt. The in vitro experiment also gave positive results, with completely differentiated cells after three weeks. Our data show that enriching the standard orthopaedic material with mesenchymal stem cells adds therapeutic value to the treatment of refractory bone fractures.