Changes in nutrient concentration and oxidative metabolism in pecan leaflets at different doses of zinc

Abstract

Zinc deficiency limits pecan nut production. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in nutrient concentration and oxidative metabolism in pecan leaflets in response to the application at different doses of zinc. The foliar concentration of nutrients, leaflet area, total chlorophyll, dry weight (leaflets and root), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GP) and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Statistical analysis indicates that the application of 200 µmol Zn²⁺ affected the foliar concentration of N-total (24.50 ± 2.51 g/kg), P (10.34 ± 2.53 g/kg), Fe²⁺ (153.33 ± 6.27 mg/kg) and Zn²⁺ (42.00 ± 2.84 mg/kg), showing a greater area of the leaflet, total chlorophyll content and dry weight (leaflets and root). Plants treated with 50 µmol Zn²⁺ showed a higher level of SOD activity (1.38 ± 0.016 units/min/g), GP (5.56 ± 0.229 nmol glutathione/min/g), and the production of hydrogen peroxide, without exceeding the control. On the other hand, Zn treatments caused a significant decrease in CAT activity. Zn is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of pecan, which promotes the accumulation of other nutrients. Therefore, its absence affects the generation of oxidative stress with the subsequent activation of the antioxidant defense enzyme system.