Intra-varietal polymorphism of gliadins and glutenins within wheat varieties grown in the Czech Republic and its impact on grain quality

Abstract

Using vertical electrophoresis, a set of 22 biotypes heterogeneous according to their gliadin alleles as well as their low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits were identified in 10 winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic. The effects of individual biotypes and their specific allelic compositions on 16 grain quality parameters were investigated. Inter-varietal differences in particular quality parameters (Zeleny sedimentation, farinograph water absorption, several values of the solvent retention capacity test) were significantly greater than the differences detected among biotypes of each variety. Special attention was given to the LMW glutenin subunits and gliadin alleles and to mutual interactions responsible for significant differences in the tested grain parameters. The results revealed at least one case of significant differences in grain quality parameters among biotypes of eight heterogeneous wheat varieties. This work unambiguously indicates that the high prevalence of wheat biotype(s) with significantly poorer values in some grain parameters can also decrease the expected technological quality of the original wheat variety. In particular, multi-line wheat varieties carrying alleles Glu-B1 (6+8) and Glu-B1 (7+9) or Glu-B3j and Glu-B3g can indicate the possibility of some significant changes in grain quality parameters.