The Role of Rechargeable Systems in Neuromodulation

Abstract

Neuromodulation is an effective treatment for many types of neuropathic pain but a significant limitation of any neuromodulating system is that electrical power must be conveyed in a reliable and sterile way to an implanted electronic device and transmitted to its associated electrodes. In recent decades radio-frequency-coupled devices and internal pulse generators have been developed. These were significant advances but were limited either by the need for bulky external power sources or the need for surgery at intervals to replace the internal system battery. More recently, rechargeable neuromodulatory systems have become available. These considerably improve patient convenience and mobility. After surgical implantation, the system can be charged from an antenna placed at the skin surface, avoiding the need for repeated surgery, external equipment or wires penetrating the skin. Charging can be completed within a few hours and can last for up to one month, depending on use. Battery life is up to 25 years, depending on the manufacturer. Varied system programmability and availability of high power output make rechargeable systems applicable to a range of different neurological conditions and will make these systems a valuable approach to controlling chronic neuropathic pain.