1. Ph.D.Candidate, College of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwon, Advanced Practice Nurse, Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
2. Professor, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
3. Professor, College of Nursing · Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.