DETEСTION OF miRNA IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS CLINICAL STUDIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

There is a list of limitations for accurate clinical assessment of chronic periodontitis (CP) activity. The search for new mechanisms of pathogenesis leads to the selection of appropriate test substrates and research methods. Today, a number of miRNAs are known, which are involved in maintaining a healthy state or periodontal diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze researches devoted to the role of miRNA in chronic periodontitis and various research methods to clarify the further study. Materials and methods. We followed PRISMA guidelines to conduct this systematic review. To identify the types of miRNAs, and their research methods in CP, PubMed database were systematically screened for medical literature. The articles published from 2019 up to November 27, 2023, were included. The articles were screened by using the search strategy as "chronic periodontitis miRNA". Results. We identified 35 miRNAs whose expression was significantly altered in chronic periodontitis (CP) compared to healthy gingiva. Fifteen of these miRNAs were correlated with the clinical manifestations of CP. The studies differed in the RNA-containing substrates, which included crevicular fluid, saliva, blood plasma, or exosomes from these substrates, as well as gingival biopsies. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was the final method used for miRNA identification in all the studies. miRNAs are involved in almost all cellular processes and play a crucial role in development, differentiation, and homeostasis. They achieve these functions indirectly by suppressing gene expression, particularly through the inhibition of translation at the initiation stage. Target genes associated with the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis (CP) have been previously identified for some miRNAs. Conclusion. Among the studied miRNAs, there are promising candidates to become targets for correction to optimize treatment, especially considering their predicted or known target genes involved in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. However, no study has been devoted to pharmacological corrections of altered miRNA expression in chronic periodontitis.