Affiliation:
1. IAG Prüfstandstechnik GmbH
2. Graz University of Technology
Abstract
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Society is moving towards climate neutrality where hydrogen fuelled combustion engines (H<sub>2</sub> ICE) could be considered a main technology. These engines run on hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) so carbon-based emission are only present at a very low level from the lube oil. The most important pollutants NO and NO<sub>2</sub> are caused by the exhaust aftertreatment system as well as CO<sub>2</sub> coming from the ambient air.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">For standard measurement technologies these low levels of CO<sub>2</sub> are hard to detect due to the high-water content. Normal levels of CO<sub>2</sub> are between 400-500 ppm which is very close or even below the detection limit of commonly used non-dispersive-infrared-detectors (NDIR). As well the high-water content is very challenging for NO<sub>x</sub> measuring devices, like chemiluminescence detectors (CLD), where it results in higher noise and therefore a worse detection limit. Even for Fourier-transformed-infrared-spectroscopy-analysers (FT-IR) it is challenging to deal with water content over 15% without increased noise.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The goal of this study was to show that measuring low levels of CO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> can be performed by FT-IR. Therefore, new calibrations are created for NO, NO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>. These were first tested by calibration gases in wet and dry conditions. Afterwards a 2l four-cylinder passenger car engine that is run on hydrogen was used to generate real engine data. The engine is equipped with a state-of-the-art SCR catalyst system. The FT-IR analyser was compared to theoretical data as well as to a standard CLD and NDIR. Several steady-state points were performed as well as a driving cycle.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The results show a large improvement in reducing the noise caused by high water and therefore a more accurate measurement at low concentrations. Measured concentrations as well as masses show a good alignment with expected values.</div></div>
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