Development of a High Power, Low Emissions Heavy Duty Hydrogen Engine

Author:

Bunce Michael1,Seba Bouzid2,Andreutti Roberto2,Yan Ziming1,Peters Nathan1

Affiliation:

1. MAHLE Powertrain LLC

2. Liebherr Machines Bulle SA

Abstract

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) internal combustion engine (ICE) is emerging as an attractive low life-cycle carbon powertrain configuration for applications that require high power, high duty cycle operation. Owing to the relative ease of conversion of heavy duty (HD) diesel ICEs to H<sub>2</sub> and the potential for low exhaust emissions, H<sub>2</sub> ICEs are expected to play a strong role in rapidly decarbonizing hard-to-electrify markets such as off-road, rail, and marine. The conversion of HD diesel ICEs to spark ignited H<sub>2</sub> with port fuel injection is typically accompanied by a de-rating of engine power and torque. This is due to several fuel- and system-related challenges, including the high risk of abnormal combustion resulting from the low auto-ignition energy threshold of H<sub>2</sub>, and boost system requirements for highly dilute operation that is used to partially mitigate this abnormal combustion risk. However, HD ICEs must be adapted to a diverse range of vehicle applications, and so increasing ICE displacement to accommodate the de-rating challenge is not a feasible solution. This study details the research and development of a high power, ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) emissions HD H<sub>2</sub> ICE. The engine, converted from a diesel base, leverages an active pre-chamber ignition system to promote stable dilution limit extension, which lowers combustion temperatures and in-cylinder surface temperatures to reduce abnormal combustion. The ignition system also reduces instability-induced abnormal combustion risk. The resulting H<sub>2</sub> ICE achieves power and torque levels consistent with those of the base diesel ICE, eliminating de-rating. The additional lean stability, especially during transient operation, leads to ultra-low cycle-average NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, achieving engine-out NO<sub>x</sub> of 0.24 g/kWh on a non-road transient cycle (NRTC) with a preliminary transient calibration. Test data was used to correlate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the engine, developing a simulation toolset that will be used to guide future optimization of the engine.</div></div>

Publisher

SAE International

Reference11 articles.

1. Rieger , D. , Mayer , F. , Weller , F. , et al. Experimental Investigation of a Hydrogen Powered Heavy-Duty Truck Engine Proceedings of the 9th International Engine Congress Baden-Baden 2022

2. Thomas Koch , D. , Sousa , A. , and Bertram , D. H2-Engine Operation with EGR Achieving High Power and High Efficiency Emission-Free Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-2178 2019 10.4271/2019-01-2178

3. Luo , Q. and Sun , B. Inducing Factors and Frequency of Combustion Knock in Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines Intl. J. Of Hydrogen Energy 41 2016 36 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.257

4. Walter , L. , Sommermann , A. , Hyna , D. , Malischewski T. et al. The H2 Combustion Engine – The Forerunner of a Zero Emissions Future Proceedings from the 42nd International Vienna Motor Symposium Vienna 2021

5. Bunce , M. and Blaxill , H. Sub-200 g/kWh BSFC on a Light Duty Gasoline Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0709 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0709

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3