Comparison of Optimal and Real-Time Operation Strategy for a Hybrid Electric Motorcycle

Abstract

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Within the motorcycle- and powersport sector the hybridization and electrification of the powertrain is increasingly becoming an important topic. In the automotive sector the hybridization of the powertrain is already well established and shows improvements regarding fuel consumption and emission behavior. Also in the motorcycle sector the emission legislation limits are getting stricter and the requirement for a significant reduction of fuel consumption, especially under real drive condition, is being focused. Furthermore, the increasing environmental awareness of the customer requires measures regarding fuel consumption- and emission minimization. Due to the high system complexity and degrees of freedom of hybrid powertrains, the simulation of the complete vehicle is essential for the component dimensioning, concept selection and the development of operation strategies. This publication covers the description of a backward simulation, including dynamic programming (optimal strategy), and the description of a forward simulation, including a real-time strategy, for a hybrid powersport vehicle. With both development tools the same hybridization-level and architecture is investigated and analyzed. Therefore, the vehicle and operation strategies are simulated for the WMTC and a real world driving cycle. The results regarding torque distribution, gear selection, electrical energy and fuel consumption are shown. Furthermore the different assumptions, constraints and boundary conditions for building up the reference and real-time strategy/simulation will be described and discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches are illustrated in more detail.</div></div>