The role of psychological rehabilitation in complex cardiac rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease

Abstract

Background. Coronary artery disease (CHD) remains the most common disease and a common cause of death worldwide. In this regard, much attention is paid to preventive measures in relation to coronary heart disease. Providing high-quality and timely psychological rehabilitation as part of secondary prevention programs has the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with coronary disease. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the measures of psychological rehabilitation. Objective: review and analysis of data from modern foreign and domestic studies on the psychological rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease (within the framework of complex cardiac rehabilitation). Results. Despite the obvious, recognized by experts, benefits of rehabilitation programs, there is a problem of insufficient active participation of patients with coronary heart disease in such programs. Research is needed to identify factors and develop methods that improve patient motivation to participate in and complete rehabilitation activities. The main targets of psychological rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease include the correction of such psychological characteristics as: hostility, emotional tension, manifestations of depressive and anxious behavior, maladaptive personality traits. The importance of dealing with anxiety and depression is emphasized. According to scientific literature, the most effective and appropriate methods of psycho-correction in the system of psychological rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease are cognitive-behavioral methods, as well as the use of an integrative approach. It is important to develop and implement general organizational standards for psychological rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease, as well as the inclusion of positions of medical psychologists in the staffing of cardiological medical institutions. Conclusions. Despite the use of modern methods of treatment and rehabilitation, the mortality rate from CHD remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research aimed at optimizing treatment and rehabilitation measures with the expansion of the set of psychological rehabilitation.