The interaction of drugs to treat cardiovascular diseases and testosterone therapy, their effects and characteristics

Abstract

Testosterone is used in the treatment of primary or acquired hypogonadism, constitutional growth retardation, and delayed puberty in male patients. Today, there is a fact that cardiovascular diseases present a high frequency in males with a marked tendency to increase soon. Therefore, the number of men using drugs to treat cardiovascular diseases is increasing rapidly. Cardiovascular drugs, which are frequently used and/or recently introduced, may cause undesirable effects under the heading of drug-drug interaction with testosterone therapy. The number of male patients exposed to these agents may increase rapidly quite soon. In this paper, we reviewed the potential drug-drug interactions between drugs to treat cardiovascular diseases and testosterone treatment considering the pharmacokinetic parameters and experimental animal studies in the literature.