Broadband saturable absorption of indium tin oxide nanocrystals toward mid-infrared regime

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the ultrabroadband optical nonlinearity of indium tin oxide nanocrystals (ITO NCs) in the mid-infrared regime. Especially, the ITO NCs show considerable saturation absorption behavior with large modulation depth covering the spectral range from 2-µm to 10-µm wavelength. We also demonstrate the application of the optical nonlinearity to successfully modulate the erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser to deliver a nanosecond pulse with a signal-to-noise ratio over 43 dB at 2.8-µm wavelength. The results provide a promising platform for the development of ITO-based broadband and robust optoelectronic devices toward the deep mid-infrared spectral range.