Reciprocity Principle and Structure-Induced Asymmetry between Counterpropagating Modes in Whistle-Geometry Ring Lasers

Abstract

The asymmetry between the counterpropagating modes in whistle-geometry semiconductor ring lasers might be misconstrued as a violation of the Helmholtz reciprocity principle. We confirm the unidirectionality of the whistle-geometry configuration through rigorous 3D FDTD simulation.