Dalton’s law of partial optical thermodynamic pressures in highly multimoded nonlinear photonic systems

Author:

Ren Huizhong,Pyrialakos Georgios G.1,Wu Fan O.1ORCID,Efremidis Nikolaos K.2ORCID,Khajavikhan Mercedeh,Christodoulides Demetrios N.

Affiliation:

1. University of Central Florida

2. University of Crete

Abstract

We show that in highly multimoded nonlinear photonic systems, the optical thermodynamic pressures emerging from different species of the optical field obey Dalton’s law of partial pressures. In multimode settings, the optical thermodynamic pressure is defined as the conjugate to the extensive variable associated with the system’s total number of modes and is directly related to the actual electrodynamic radiation forces exerted at the physical boundaries of the system. Here, we extend this notion to photonic configuration supporting different species of the optical field. Under thermal equilibrium conditions, we formally derive an equation that establishes a direct link between the partial thermodynamic pressures and the electrodynamic radiation pressures exerted by each polarization species. Our theoretical framework provides a straightforward approach for quantifying the total radiation pressures through the system’s thermodynamic variables without invoking the Maxwell stress tensor formalism. In essence, we show that the total electrodynamic pressure in such arrangements can be obtained in an effortless manner from initial excitation conditions, thus avoiding time-consuming simulations of the utterly complex multimode dynamics. To illustrate the validity of our results, we carry out numerical simulations in multimoded nonlinear optical structures supporting two polarization species and demonstrate excellent agreement with the Maxwell stress tensor method.

Funder

Israel Ministry of Defense

MPS Simons Collaboration

National Science Foundation

Army Research Office

Office of Naval Research

Air Force Office of Scientific Research

Publisher

Optica Publishing Group

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