Dual-wavelength solid-state Raman laser at 555 and 579.5 nm for spectrophotometric determination of carboxyhemoglobin

Abstract

For accurate measurement of carboxyhemoglobin level in the blood, a compact dual-wavelength laser at 555 and 579.5 nm with conversion efficiency up to 27.5% is originally developed by using Nd:YVO4/KGW/LBO laser with intracavity stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), second harmonic generation (SHG), and sum frequency generation (SFG). The SRS material is an Np-cut KGW crystal to produce the Stokes wave at 1159 nm from the fundamental wave at 1064 nm. The SHG of the Stokes wave and the SFG of the Stokes and fundamental waves are efficiently achieved by employing two LBO crystals. The temperature of the first LBO crystal is steadily fixed at the optimal phase-matching for generating the output power at 579.5 nm, whereas the temperature of the second one is varied to manipulate the power ratio between the yellow and green emissions. At the balanced temperature of the second LBO crystal, the output powers of the yellow and green emissions can simultaneously reach 5.5 W at a pump power of 40 W.