Isolating True Photoplethysmography in Wearable Optical Sensors from Skin Thickness and Skin Tone: A Time-of-Flight Solution

Abstract

This paper introduces the concept of time-of-flight photoplethysmography (TOF-PPG) and critically examines its credibility over the common continuous-wave (CW-) PPG, and how it may impact the conclusion for morbidly obese group with dark skin tone.