Dynamic of stationary soliton to soliton pulsation transition in spatiotemporal mode-locked fiber lasers

Abstract

This paper presents the experimental observation of the transition from stationary spatiotemporal soliton (STS) to spatiotemporal soliton pulsation (STSP) in spatiotemporal mode-locked fiber lasers for the first time. Three STSs maintain an asynchronous pulsating state with the same period, while another STS remains in a stationary mode-locked state. Through numerical analysis, the dynamic transition process of STS to STSP is studied. Numerical analysis reveals that STSP occurs under specific cavity parameters when the energy is comparatively high. As pulse energy increases, a stationary STS gradually transitions to a pulsation state. The modes have undergone distinct evolutionary trajectories, and the pivotal role of the saturable absorption effect as well as the interaction among modes has been demonstrated to be crucial for STSP. Our study contributes to understanding the formation mechanism of STSP.