Stable sensing platform for diagnosing electrolyte disturbance using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abstract

Electrolyte disturbance is very common and harmful, increasing the mortality of critical patients. Hence, rapid and accurate detection of electrolyte levels is vital in clinical practice. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has the advantage of rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple elements, which meets the needs of clinical electrolyte detection. However, the cracking caused by serum drying and the effect of the coffee-ring led to the unstable spectral signal of LIBS and inaccurate detection results. Herein, we propose the ordered microarray silicon substrates (OMSS) obtained by laser microprocessing, to solve the disturbance caused by cracking and the coffee-ring effect in LIBS detection. Moreover, the area of OMSS is optimized to obtain the optimal LIBS detection effect; only a 10 uL serum sample is required. Compared with the silicon wafer substrates, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the serum LIBS spectral reduces from above 80.00% to below 15.00% by the optimized OMSS, improving the spectral stability. Furthermore, the OMSS is combined with LIBS to form a sensing platform for electrolyte disturbance detection. A set of electrolyte disturbance simulation samples (80% of the ingredients are human serum) was prepared for this platform evaluation. Finally, the platform can achieve an accurate quantitative detection of Na and K elements (Na: RSD < 6.00%, R2 = 0.991; K: RSD < 4.00%, R2 = 0.981), and the detection time is within 5 min. The LIBS sensing platform has a good prospect in clinical electrolyte detection and other blood-related clinical diagnoses.