Highly efficient waveguide-coupled output in asymmetrically deformed square cavity microlasers

Abstract

We propose and demonstrate deformed square cavity microlasers for realizing highly efficient output from a connected waveguide. The square cavities are deformed asymmetrically by replacing two adjacent flat sides with circular arcs to manipulate the ray dynamics and couple the light to the connected waveguide. The numerical simulations show that the resonant light can efficiently couple to the fundamental mode of the multi-mode waveguide by carefully designing the deformation parameter utilizing global chaos ray dynamics and internal mode coupling. An enhancement of approximately six times in the output power is realized in the experiment compared to the non-deformed square cavity microlasers, while the lasing thresholds are reduced by about 20%. The measured far-field pattern shows highly unidirectional emission agreeing well with the simulation, which confirms the feasibility of the deformed square cavity microlasers for practical applications.