Affiliation:
1. Applied Research Solutions
Abstract
Surface layer optical turbulence values in the form of the refractive
index structure function C
n
2 are often calculated from surface
layer temperature, moisture, and wind characteristics and compared to
measurements from sonic anemometers, differential temperature sensors,
and imaging systems. A key derived component needed in the surface
layer turbulence calculations is the sensible heat value. Typically,
the sensible heat is calculated using the bulk aerodynamic method that
assumes a certain surface roughness and a friction velocity that
approximates the turbulence drag on temperature and moisture mixing
from the change in the average surface layer vertical wind velocity.
These assumptions/approximations generally only apply in free
convection conditions. To obtain the sensible heat, a more robust
method, which applies when free convection conditions are not
occurring, is via an energy balance method such as the Bowen ratio
method. The use of the Bowen ratio––the ratio of sensible heat flux to
latent heat flux––allows a more direct assessment of the optical
turbulence-driving surface layer sensible heat flux than do more
traditional assessments of surface layer sensible heat flux. This
study compares surface layer C
n
2 values using sensible heat values
from the bulk aerodynamic and energy balance methods to
quantifications from sonic anemometers posted at different heights on
a sensor tower. The research shows that the sensible heat obtained via
the Bowen ratio method provides a simpler, more reliable, and more
accurate way to calculate surface layer C
n
2 values than what is required to make
such calculations from bulk aerodynamic method-obtained
sensible heat.
Funder
U.S. Department of Defense
Cited by
2 articles.
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