Collision-induced Hopf-type bifurcation reversible transitions in a dual-wavelength femtosecond fiber laser

Abstract

Collisions refer to a striking nonlinear interaction process in dissipative systems, revealing the particle-like properties of solitons. In dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber lasers, collisions are inherent and periodic. However, how collisions influence the dynamical transitions in the dual-wavelength mode-locked state has not yet been explored. In our work, dispersion management triggers the complex interactions between solitons in the cavity. We reveal the smooth or Hopf-type bifurcation reversible transitions of dual-color soliton molecules (SMs) during the collision by the real-time spectral measurement technique of time-stretch Fourier transform. The reversible transitions between stationary SMs and vibrating SMs, reveal that the cavity parameters pass through a bifurcation point in the collision process without active external intervention. The numerical results confirm the universality of collision-induced bifurcation behavior. These findings provide new insights into collision dynamics in dual-wavelength ultrafast fiber lasers. Furthermore, the study of inter-molecular collisions is of great significance for other branches of nonlinear science.