Widefield quantitative polarized light microscopy using spectrally encoded null polarimetry

Abstract

Quantitative polarized light microscopy enables determination of optical retardation and azimuth of birefringent specimens and is a powerful tool for label-free imaging in the fields of biology and pathology. We have recently proposed a device for fast laser-scanning birefringence microscopy based on a near-infrared wavelength-swept laser and spectral encoding of polarization, resulting in a channeled spectrum generated during the wavelength-sweep of the laser and highly sensitive to optical retardation [Opt. Lett. 49, 387 (2024)10.1364/OL.507576]. In this Letter, we propose its transposition to visible widefield imaging using a white light source and a high-order retarder for spectral encoding and a hyperspectral camera to record the channeled spectrum at each point of the image in parallel. The method proposed here allows for straightforward conversion of any widefield microscope into a highly sensitive and quantitative polarized light microscope.