Affiliation:
1. Yanshan University
2. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province
3. Purdue University
4. Beijing Normal University (Zhuhai)
5. the Seventh Medical Center to Chinese PLA General Hospital
Abstract
General anesthesia is an indispensable procedure in clinical practice.
Anesthetic drugs induce dramatic changes in neuronal activity and
cerebral metabolism. However, the age-related changes in
neurophysiology and hemodynamics during general anesthesia remain
unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the
neurovascular coupling between neurophysiology and hemodynamics in
children and adults during general anesthesia. We analyzed frontal
electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy
(fNIRS) signals recorded from children (6-12 years old,
n = 17) and adults (18-60 years old,
n = 25) during propofol-induced and
sevoflurane-maintained general anesthesia. The neurovascular coupling
was evaluated in wakefulness, maintenance of a surgical state of
anesthesia (MOSSA), and recovery by using correlation, coherence and
Granger-causality (GC) between the EEG indices [EEG power in different
bands and permutation entropy (PE)], and hemodynamic responses the
oxyhemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and deoxy-hemoglobin (Δ[Hb]) from
fNIRS in the frequency band in 0.01-0.1 Hz. The PE and
Δ[Hb] performed well in distinguishing the anesthesia state
(p > 0.001). The correlation between PE and
Δ[Hb] was higher than those of other indices in the two age
groups. The coherence significantly increased during MOSSA
(p < 0.05) compared with wakefulness, and the
coherences between theta, alpha and gamma, and hemodynamic activities
of children are significantly stronger than that of adults’
bands. The GC from neuronal activities to hemodynamic responses
decreased during MOSSA, and can better distinguish anesthesia state in
adults. Propofol-induced and sevoflurane-maintained combination
exhibited age-dependent neuronal activities, hemodynamics, and
neurovascular coupling, which suggests the need for separate rules for
children’s and adults’ brain states monitoring during
general anesthesia.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of
China
Scientific and Technological Innovation
2030
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei
Province
Hebei Province Science and Technology
Support Program
Natural Science Fund for Distinguished
Young Scholars of Hebei Province of China
research plan for
equipment
Subject
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Biotechnology