Control of the annular spatial profile of high harmonics using a Bessel-Gaussian beam carrying the nonzero orbital angular momentum

Abstract

We propose to generate vortex high harmonics in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) with a controllable spatial profile by using a Bessel-Gaussian (BG) beam carrying a nonzero orbital angular momentum (OAM). Such BG beam has quite a different intensity profile at the focus compared to the generally used BG beam without carrying the OAM. We show that the BG beam is capable of generating single-ring structured high harmonics, which is quite different from an Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam with a similar intensity distribution at the laser focus. We reveal that favorable phase-matching conditions can be achieved off-axis and away from the laser focus because a single-atom intrinsic phase due to the short electron trajectory can be well compensated by a geometric phase of the BG beam. We thus give a general rule that vortex high harmonics with a single annular profile can be efficiently generated when a gas medium is located at 1.5zred to 2.0zred before or after the laser focus of the BG beam, here zred is a reduced length. We also show the validity of this rule when the BG beam carries a higher OAM. This work is expected to be useful for synthesizing attosecond vortex pulses.