The biological potential of winter garlic cultivars and local forms under conditions of the right bank forest steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The modern olericalture development needs special attention to self-sufciency in domestic products under the war conditions in 2022. It has some relation to garlic production as well. The garlic has been supplied by China. It is possible to compensate the garlic shortage in Ukraine by the implementation of the hybrid cultivars of domestic and foreign breeding in garlic production. However, the winter garlic is considered to be a vegetable that is poorly adapted to weather changes and it doesn’t show its biological potential. The domestic variety introduction of garlic from one local region to another requires an additional research. The research has been done in the experimental feld of Bila Tserkva NAU (The Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine). 65 cultivars of winter and local garlic have been studied. The test samples include garlic that has been delivered from Vinnytsia, Dnipro, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Chernihiv, Cherkasy regions. The variety Prometheus has been taken as a control sample. This variety has been bred in Uman National University of Horticulture. The research has been done in accordance with the olericulture and melon growing research method. In 2020 and 2021, the weather conditions were good for plant growth and formation of the winter garlic yield. The plant density was 357 000 plants per ha. On average, in 2020 and 2021, the cultivar Lubasha, Ayder, IOB0017 had the biggest garlic heads in diameter (Lubasha – 5.5 cm, Ayder – 5.2 cm, IOB0017 – 5.2 cm). The samples of Duchess, Lubasha, Ayder had the highest average weight (Duchess – 55 g, Lubasha – 68 g, Ayder – 65 g). The cultivars Lubasha and Ayder had given the biggest yield of winter garlic heads (Lubasha – 20,3 t/ha, Ayder – 19,4 t/ha). The biggest amount of marketable garlic heads had been noticed in the varieties Lubasha, Duchess, Ayder and in the cultivars IOB00117, IOB00003 from the Institute of Vegetable and Melon growing, where this result ranged from 81 % to 84 %. As a result of the conducted research, the best cultivars have been identifed. The samples of Lubasha, Duchess, Ayder varieties have the biggest garlic heads in diameter, mass and in the amount of yield. Also, Lubasha, Duchess, Ayder, IOB0017 and IOB00003 have the biggest marketable yield amount. Key words: cultivars, local forms, winter garlic, weight of the bulb, yield productivity, marketability.