Development of complex technology for the disposal of organic waste of an animal farm by vermicultivation

Abstract

The article is about the complex technology of vermiculture on a livestock farm. Recommendations for the introduction of complex vermiculture technology for the processing of livestock farm waste have been developed. For intensive breeding of earthworms, it is necessary to provide conditions for their optimal development: - substrate temperature - 19-25 °C; - humidity of the substrate - 75-80 %; - carbon to nitrogen ratio - about 20; - medium reaction, pH - 6.5-7.5. The substrate from livestock farm waste must be fermented: in the warm period of the year for 2-3 months, and at low ambient temperatures - for 3-5 months using traditional composting methods. The increase of coprolites in vermicompost in the process of vermiculture under optimal conditions for the development of earthworms was found depending on the vermiculture period of 20 days, 40 days, 60 days and the specific content of worms in the compost at the beginning of the process - 20 g per 1 kg of substrate, 40 g/kg, 60 g/kg. Based on the results of the research, graphs were constructed that characterize the degree of coprolites content in vermicompost depending on the vermiculture period of 20 days, 40 days, 60 days and the specific content of worms at the beginning of the process - 20 g per 1 kg of substrate, 40 g/kg, 60 g / kg It was determined that it takes 60 days to achieve 60% processing of livestock farm waste by earthworms for the specific content of worms at the beginning of the process - 20 g per 1 kg of substrate; 40 g/kg - 58 days, 60 g/kg - 53 days. The practical experience of vermiculture and scientific research indicate that the duration of the processing of the substrate into biohumus in an open area depends on the climatic conditions and the quality of the implementation of the technological regulations of vermiculture, which is mainly 3 months. The substrate from livestock farm waste must be fermented: in the warm period of the year for 2-3 months, and at low ambient temperatures - for 3-5 months using traditional composting methods. The presented methodical foundations of mechanized complex farms make it possible to carry out the calculations necessary for the processing of livestock farm waste to obtain biohumus and earthworm biomass. The implementation of such a technology ecologically safely disposes of manure, straw and other waste of organic origin with the production of highly effective fertilizer - biohumus. Key words: vermiculture, earthworms, biohumus, equipment, organic waste.