Foliar nutritionin modern sunfl ower hybrid growing technologies

Abstract

The results of the study on foliar nutrition infl uence on the productivity of sunfl ower hybrids are presented in the article. The research was carried out in the period 2018–2019 in the conditions of the experimental fi eld of VNAU on the basis of NRF "Agronomichne," located in the village of Agronomichne, Vinnytsia region. The research studied two hybrids of sunfl ower mid-early ripenessgroup: Basfora and Sanai MR in the application of foliar nutrition microfourings Vanguard R Sunfl ower which was introduced into the phase 3–4 and 6–8 pairs of leaves. Thesoil on the experimental plot is a gray forest middle-loamy. According to the results of measurements, the height of plants in Basfora sunfl ower hybrid on control, on average for two years of research was 181.0 cm, and Sanai MR hybrid – 169.5 cm. When applying microfertilizers in phase 3–4 pairs of Bosphora leaves – 186.0 cm, Sanai MR – 174.5 cm, in phase 6–8 pairs of Bosphora leaves – 187.5 cm, Sanai MR – 174.5 cm and with double application microfertilizers in phase 3–4 and 6–8 leaves – 191,0 and 175,0 cm, respectively for the hybrids of Bosphora and Sanai MR. Foliar nutrition reduces the number of plants aff ected by gray rot by 1.2–2.5 % for the Bosphora hybrid and 1.0–1.7 % for the Sanai MR hybrid and white rot – Bosphora by 1.6–2 in the studied sunfl ower hybrids, 1 % and Sanai MR – 0.6–1.4 %. Carrying out foliar nutrition contributed to the growth of the mass of seeds from one plant. In particular, application of microelements Vanguard R Sunfl ower in phase 3–4 pairs of leaves provides the following value of seed weight from one plant: Basfora – 45.0 grams, Sanai MG – 40.5 grams, introduction in phase 6–8 pairs of leaves 44.7 and 39 7 grams, and two-day introduction of this microelement in phase 3–4 and 6–8 pairs of leaves – 48.6 and 42.6 grams. It is also noted that the implementation of foliar nutrition provided an increase in the number of seeds in the infl orescence (basket). On control (without nutrition), the number of seeds from the basket, respectively, was 698 and 663 pieces, for the hybrid of the Bosphora and Sanai MR. The lowest productivity of the studied sunfl ower hybrids was formed on the control (without foliar feeding): Bosphora – 2.85 t/ha and Sanai MR – 2.79 t/ha. The highest productivity on sunfl ower crops in the studied hybrids was obtained under double foliar nutrition of sunfl ower with microfertilizers Avanhard R in the phase 3–4 and 6–8 pairs of leaves and on average during the years of research it amounted to 3.19 t/ha for the Basfora hybrid and 3.14 t/ha for the Sanai MR hybrid, which is 0.44 and 0.35 % more than the control. Key words: sunfl ower, productivity, hybrid, foliar nutrition, microfertilizers, development phase, disease, pests.